DS----Data Structure unit 1.3

 

Data Structure - Single Dimensional Array

1.Insertion: We can also insert the new element in a data structure.

#include 

int main() {
  int arr[10]; // declare an array of size 10
  int n = 5;   // number of elements to insert

  printf("Enter %d elements into the array:\n", n);
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    scanf("%d", &arr[i]); // read elements from user input
  }

  printf("Array elements are:\n");
  for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    printf("%d ", arr[i]); // print the elements in the array
  }
  printf("\n");

  return 0;
}

output:-

2.Searching: We can search for any element in a data structure.

#include 

int search(int arr[], int size, int key) {
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
        if (arr[i] == key) {
            return i;
        }
    }
    return -1;
}

int main() {
    int arr[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
    int key ;
    int position;
    printf("Enter the Key value Key=");
    scanf("%d",&key);
    position = search(arr, 5, key);

    if (position == -1) {
        printf("%d not found in the array.\n", key);
    } else {
        printf("%d found at position %d in the array.\n", key, position);
    }

    return 0;
}

output:-

3.Updation: We can also update the element, i.e., we can replace the element with another element.

#include 

int main() {
  int arr[5] = {11, 22, 33, 44, 55}; // initialize an array of five elements
  int index, value;

  printf("Array elements before updation:\n");
  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
    printf("%d ", arr[i]); // print the elements in the array
  }
  printf("\n");

  printf("Enter the index and value to update:\n");
  scanf("%d %d", &index, &value); // read the index and value to update

  if (index < 0 || index >= 5) {
    printf("Invalid index\n"); // check if the index is valid
  } else {
    arr[index] = value; // update the element at the given index
    printf("Array elements after updation:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
      printf("%d ", arr[i]); // print the updated elements in the array
    }
    printf("\n");
  }

  return 0;
}

output:-

4.Deletion: We can also perform the delete operation to remove the element from the data structure.

	#include 

int main() {
  int arr[10] = {11, 22, 33, 44, 55,};
  int n = 5;
  int pos, i;

  // Display the original array
  printf("Original Array: ");
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    printf("%d ", arr[i]);
  }

  // Get the position of the element to be deleted
  printf("\nEnter the position of the element to be deleted: ");
  scanf("%d", &pos);

  // Delete the element at the specified position
  if (pos < 1 || pos > n) {
    printf("Invalid position!");
  } else {
    for (i = pos - 1; i < n - 1; i++) {
      arr[i] = arr[i + 1];
    }
    n--;

    // Display the updated array
    printf("Updated Array: ");
    for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
      printf("%d ", arr[i]);
    }
  }
  

  return 0;
}

output:-

5.Sorting: We can sort the elements of a data structure either in an ascending or descending order.

#include 

int main() {
  int arr[5] = {44, 11, 33, 55, 22};
  int n = 5;
  int i, j, temp;

  // Display the original array
  printf("Original Array: ");
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    printf("%d ", arr[i]);
  }

  // Sort the array in ascending order using bubble sort
  for (i = 0; i < n - 1; i++) {
    for (j = 0; j < n - i - 1; j++) {
      if (arr[j] > arr[j + 1]) {
        temp = arr[j];
        arr[j] = arr[j + 1];
        arr[j + 1] = temp;
      }
    }
  }

  // Display the sorted array
  printf("\nSorted Array: ");
  for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
    printf("%d ", arr[i]);
  }

  return 0;
}

output:-

---

Data Structure - multi Dimensional Array

A multi-dimensional array is an array that has more than one index or dimension. In C programming language, a multi-dimensional array is simply an array of arrays. For example, a 2D array is an array of arrays, where each sub-array has the same number of elements.

A multi-dimensional array can be thought of as a table or grid of values, where each element is identified by a unique set of indices. The first index identifies the row and the second index identifies the column. For example, in a 2D array arr, arr[i][j] represents the element in row i and column j.

In C, you can create a multi-dimensional array by specifying the number of dimensions and the size of each dimension in the array declaration. Here's an example of a 2D array declaration with 3 rows and 4 columns:

int arr[3][4];

This creates an array with 3 rows and 4 columns, and each element is initialized to 0 by default. You can also initialize the array with values at the time of declaration, like this:

int arr[3][4] = {{1, 2, 3, 4},
                 {5, 6, 7, 8},
                 {9, 10, 11, 12}};

This creates an array with the same dimensions as before, but with initial values specified for each element.

To access the elements of a multi-dimensional array, you use the array indices in the same order as they were specified in the array declaration. For example, to access the element in row 1 and column 2 of arr, you would use the expression arr[1][2].

Multi-dimensional arrays can be useful for representing and processing data that has a natural tabular or grid-like structure, such as images, matrices, or spreadsheet data. They can also be used to implement more complex data structures, such as trees or graphs.

	#include 

int main() {
    // Declare a 2D array with 3 rows and 4 columns
    int arr[3][4] = {{1, 2, 3, 4},
                     {5, 6, 7, 8},
                     {9, 10, 11, 12}};

    // Print out the array elements
    for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {
            printf("%d ", arr[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }

    return 0;
}

output:-

---